Figure 6.

Schematic diagram describes a nodose ganglia-involved neuronal pathway in the regulation of cardiovascular function after pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles. Activation of TRP channels in the lung by nanoparticles results in transmission of stimulatory signals to nodose ganglia, where signals are integrated and processed. These signals are then transmitted to the cardiovascular centre in the medulla or the peripheral organs through the afferent neurons of nodose ganglia, resulting in modification of cardiovascular function.