FIGURE 1.

The biological roles of GPI/AMF and AMFR. Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)/autocrine motility factor (AMF), is the second glycolytic enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Moreover, GPI/AMF is involved in tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, and these biological effects are mediated through the interaction with its surface receptor (AMFR/gp78). In the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER), AMFR is also an E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase which is involved in the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) by cytosolic proteasomes.