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. 2015 Nov 19;11(11):e1005260. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005260

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© 2015 Karijolich et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Fig 7 — SINE RNAs are robustly induced in response to MHV68 infection. Through both MAVS-dependent and independent mechanisms, they stimulate the activity of the IKKβ component of the NF-κB pathway. IKKβ is co-opted by the virus to promote phosphorylation of RelA/p65, blunting the NF-κB transcriptional response. Additionally, IKKβ phosphorylates RTA, thereby enhancing viral gene expression and replication.