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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 19.
Published in final edited form as: Anim Cogn. 2009 Jan 16;12(3):491–504. doi: 10.1007/s10071-008-0210-z

Table 4.

Individuals’ total choices, errors, and errors as a function of the layout of the choice (Non-obvious or Other) and (in parentheses) percentage of choices at that kind of choice point that were errors, rounded to the nearest whole percent.

Species/ Group Individual Total
choices
(% of
528 total
choices)
Total
Errors
(%)
Obvious
choices
Errors on
Obvious
choices (%
of
Obvious
choices)
Non-
obvious
choices
Errors on
Non-
obvious
choices
(% of
Non-
obvious
choices)
PAN/Ordered DA 520
(98)
1081
(21)
232 411 (18) 288 671 (23)
KA 528
(100)
591
(11)
240 241 (10) 288 351 (12)
LM 528
(100)
1161
(22)
240 441 (18) 288 721 (25)
Sum, (%) 1568 283,
(18)
712 109, (15) 864 174, (20)
PAN/ Random JA 492
(93)
1041
(21)
227 411 (18) 265 631 (24)
SC 503
(95)
851
(17)
231 241 (10) 272 611 (22)
Sum, (%) 995 189,
(19)
458 65 (14) 537 124, (23)
CEBUS/Ordered JO 481
(91)
1601
(33)
205 301 (15) 276 130 (47)
XA 440
(83)
230
(52)
205 671 (33) 235 1652 (70)
XE 504
(95)
1901
(38)
227 601 (26) 277 130 (47)
Sum, (%) 1425 580,
(41)
637 157, (25) 788 425, (54)
CEBUS/Random MI 528
(100)
2972
(56)
240 102 (42) 288 1952 (68)
SO 528
(100)
2331
(44)
240 721 (30) 288 1612
(56)
NI 528
(100)
3232
(61)
240 114 (48) 288 2092 (73)
LE 528
(100)
2942
(56)
242 110 (45) 286 1842 (64)
Sum, (%) 2112 1147,
(54)
962 398, (41) 1150 749, (65)

Notes

1

significantly fewer errors than expected where chance = 50% errors (Chi square > 3.481, df = 1, p < 0.05).

2

significantly more errors than expected where chance = 50% errors (Chi square > 3.481, df = 1, p < 0.05).