TABLE 1.

Potential and proven miR-21 targets are differentially regulated in normal gravity and microgravity

Gene array fold change, normal gravity vs. microgravity	Gene symbol	Gene title	Source
23.24	EGR1	Early growth response 1	TarBase
11.83	EGR3	Early growth response 3	TargetScan
5.86	FASLG	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	TarBase + TargetScan
5.33	SPRY1	Sprouty homolog 1,	TargetScan
5.19	BTG2	BTG family, member 2	TarBase + TargetScan
4.63	MYC	v-Myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog	TarBase
4.32	IRF4	Interferon regulatory factor 4	TarBase
4.03	SPRY2	Sprouty homolog 2	TarBase + TargetScan
3.78	TAGAP	T-cell Rho GTPase activating protein	TargetScan
44.10	CD40LG	T-cell activation GTPase TNF superfamily	No miR-21 seed sequence
2.91	CD83	CD83 molecule	TarBase
2.84	REL	v-Rel	TarBase
2.55	NT5E (CD73)	5′ Nucleotidase, ecto (CD73)	TarBase + TargetScan
2.32	CD69	CD69 molecule	TargetScan

Relative fold increases of gene expression from activated T cells in onboard normal gravity compared with those in microgravity were computed using gene array bioinformatics. Potential hsa-miR-21-5p target genes shown have differentially regulated between normal gravity and microgravity conditions. T cells from 3 independent donors were flown in space and activated with concanavalin A/anti-CD28 in microgravity or in normal gravity. Genes that had altered expression between microgravity and normal gravity were identified by 1-way ANOVA (≤0.05) with Benjamini-Hochberg multiple test correction and post hoc Tukey test. FASLG was not quite significant at P ≤ 0.05 but was significant at P ≤ 0.06 and thus is included in the list. Potential hsa-miRNA-21-5p targets were identified using TargetScan (predicted miRNA targets) and TarBase (confirmed miRNA–gene interactions).