Figure 2. PARP9-DTX3L mediates the control of viral replication by STAT1-CC.

(a) Expression (log₂ normalized) of mRNA from pancreatic tissue of CAG-STAT1 and CAG-STAT1-CC mice at baseline, from a whole-genome array. Each symbol represents an individual gene: magenta, white and blue indicate genes expressed differentially in CAG-STAT1 mice versus CAG-STAT1-CC mice (antiviral function, key); gray indicates genes not expressed differentially; labels indicate genes (n = 25) with the greatest increase in expression. (b) Expression of mRNA from U3A-STAT1 and U3A-STAT1-CC cells at baseline (presented as in a); red indicates genes expressed differentially in both transgenic tissue and U3A cell lines (overlap, bottom right). Top left, retroviral vectors for U3A cell lines. (c) Expression (as in a,b) of mRNA from U3A-STAT1 and U3A-STAT1-CC cells treated for 1 d with IFN-β (10 U/ml), presented relative to expression at baseline. TG, transgenic tissue. (d) Expression of RNA encoding EMCV 3D (assessed 1 d after infection with EMCV (MOI, 1)), the IAV polymerase P3 (assessed 2 d after infection with IAV (MOI, 1)) or the SINV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Nsp4 (assessed 1 d after infection with SINV (MOI, 10)) in U3A, U3A-STAT1, and U3A-STAT1-CC cells stably transduced with lentivirus encoding control shRNA or shRNA specific for PARP9 or DTX3L (two shRNAs for each (shRNA-1 and shRNA-2); horizontal axes). *P < 0.05, versus U3A cells, and **P < 0.05, versus U3A-STAT1-CC cells transduced with control shRNA (unpaired t-test). Data are from one experiment with pooling of three mice or samples (a–c) or are representative of three independent experiments (d; mean and s.e.m.).