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. 2015 Oct 28;112(45):14000–14005. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1510084112

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

PCM enhances α-defensin expression. (A) In untreated biopsies, the expression levels of HD5 and HD6 are diminished in patients with ileal CD and independent of inflammation. Shown are mRNA expression levels normalized to β-actin in inflamed and noninflamed tissue of patients with CD (n = 62, n = 45 inflamed) and controls (n = 25). HD5, P < 0.0001; HD6, P = 0.0038. (B) Cultured ileal biopsies. Anti-HD5 staining and microscopic pictures from ileal biopsies with or without cultivation (6 h). (C) PCM enhances HD5 and HD6 expression in cultured biopsies of patients with ileal CD. Ileal biopsies were treated either with PCM or control media (RPMI + PHA) for 6 h. Shown are the transcript levels normalized to β-actin (Left) or the fold change after PCM treatment normalized to respective control-treated biopsies (Right). In some cases, it was not possible to obtain data from both treatments because single biopsies did not pass quality control; therefore, the induction could not be calculated (n = 2). HD5, P = 0.0498; HD5 induction, P = 0.0039 (range: 1.2–5.3); HD6, P = 0.0114; HD6 induction, P = 0.0322; HD6 induction ileal CD, P = 0.0156 (range: 0.9–4.3) (n = 8–11). ns, not significant. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001.