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Scheme of ligase evolution. RNA ligases, DNA ligases, and mRNA capping enzymes comprise a superfamily of covalent nucleotidyltransferases that act via enzyme-(lysyl-Nζ)–NMP intermediates. They are thought to descend from an ancestral ATP-using NTase domain (turquois oval) by fusions to structurally diverse flanking domain modules (depicted in various shapes and colors), as discussed in the text.
