Table 1.
Identification method | Markers | Functional analyses | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD105 | CXCR-4 | DNAJB8 | SP | Spheres | ALDH | |||||||
Study | Bussolati et al. [47] | Gassenmaier et al. [56] | Nishizawa et al. [57] |
Addla et al. [61] | Oates et al. [65] | Huang et al. [66] | Lu et al. [67] | Zhong et al. [58] | Lichner et al. [59] | Debeb et al. [70] | Wang et al. [71] | Ueda et al. [72]9 |
MSC markers (excluding CD105) in vitro | + | + | ND | +2 | ND | ND | ND | +4 | +7 | +8 | ND | +10 |
MSC marker CD105 in vitro | + | +/−1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | − | +/−5 | ND | ND | ND | − |
Stemness markers in vitro | + | + | ND | + | + | ND | ND | + | + | + | + | + |
CD133 marker in vitro | − | − | ND | +/−3 | ND | ND | ND | +6 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
ALDH activity in vitro | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | + | + |
SP in vitro | ND | ND | + | + | + | + | + | + | ND | ND | ND | + |
Sphere formation in vitro | + | + | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | + | + | + | ND | + |
Clonogenicity in vitro | + | + | ND | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Self-renewal in vitro | + | + | ND | + | + | + | ND | + | + | + | + | + |
Drug resistance in vitro | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | + |
Radioresistance in vitro | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | + | + | ND | + | ND | + |
Tumor initiation (tumorigenicity) in vivo | + | + | + | ND | ND | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Recapitulation of a tumor of origin (phenocopy) in vivo | + | + | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | + | + | + | + | ND |
Generation of serially transplantable tumors in vivo | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | ND |
Endothelial differentiation in vitro and/or in vivo (multipotency) / VM | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | ND | ND | ND |
ND not determined
1A major subpopulation within CXCR-4+ sphere cells derived only from established cell line SK-RC-17, not from primary cell lines
2The CD44 and CD29 MSC markers (however, no significant difference compared to non-SP cells)
3Significantly higher cell number in SP than in non-SP cells, however, lower cell number than in the SP of the normal kidney
4The CD44 MSC marker, along with CD24 (however, no significant difference compared to non-sphere cells)
5Expressed on nearly all non-sphere cells, however, significantly reduced expression on sphere-forming cells
6No significant difference compared to non-sphere cells
7The CD44 MSC marker, along with CD24
8The CD44 MSC marker
9Significantly higher ALDH activity in SP than in non-SP cells only in the case of ACHN cell line (ALDH+ SP ACHN CSCs)
10The CD90 MSC marker (however, no significant difference compared to non-SP cells)