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. 2015 Nov 20;6:276. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00276

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Copyright © 2015 Hartmann, Ridley and Lutz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ROCK targets. Rho proteins can be activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which are themselves activated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), cytokines and integrins. Rho-GTP subsequently activates ROCK1 and ROCK2 that have a broad range of substrates and are responsible for diverse cellular responses. CIP-17, kinase C-potentiated phosphatase inhibitor of 17 kDa; ERM, ezrin-radixin-moesin; FHOD1, formin homology 2 domain-containing 1; GAP, GTPase activating protein; LIMK, LIM-kinase; MLC, myosin II regulatory light chain; MYPT1, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10.