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. 2015 Oct 15;290(47):28189–28199. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.669499

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2.

Autophagy as a protective response against high concentrations of AGE-BSA-induced apoptosis in hFOB 1.19 cells. A–C, cells preincubated with or without Z-DEVD-fmk (25 μm) for 1 h were treated with or without 3-MA (5 mm) incubated with AGE-BSA (200 μg/ml) for 24 h. A, cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. B, cell death was estimated using a cell death detection ELISAPlus. Values represent mean ± S.E. of at least three independent experiments. **, p < 0.01 versus control; ##, p < 0.01 versus AGE-BSA treatment. C, cell apoptosis detection using annexin V-FITC/PI kit. Viable cells (annexin V−/PI−), early apoptotic cells (annexin V+/PI−), late apoptotic cells (annexin V−/PI+), and necrotic cells (annexin V+/PI+) are located in the bottom left, bottom right, top right, and top left quadrants, respectively. The numbers in each quadrant represent the percentage of cells.