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. 2015 Nov 19;8:75. doi: 10.1186/s13041-015-0167-1

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© Fang et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — NMDAR single-channel activity is down-regulated by bath application of DHPG or high NMDA/glycine. NMDAR-mediated currents evoked by including NMDA (10 μM) and glycine (3 μM) in recording pipettes in the cell-attached configuration. Recorded NMDARs were isolated by the patch electrode from the extracellular bath environment (see cartoons in a and e). a an example of records of NMDA single-channel open probability (P _o, bin: 10 s) before, during and after bath application of DHPG (50 μM). b examples of recorded single-channel current traces. O: Open level; C: Closed level. An example of I-V relationships before (open circles) and post (filled triangles) DHPG application is shown in (c). d summary data (mean ± SEM) showing relative changes in overall P _o, mean open time (t _o), and lengths of burst (B _s), cluster (C _s) and super-cluster (S _c) when compared with that before the bath application of DHPG (control, dashed line). Effects of DHPG (50 μM) were also examined in neurons treated with MPEP (10 μM, DHPG/MPEP), DIP (50 μM, DHPG/DIP), or sDIP (50 μM, DHPG/sDIP). Examples of records of NMDA single-channel open probability, single-channel current traces and I-V relationships before and during bath application of a high concentration of glycine (100 μM) in the presence of 1 mM NMDA (N + G) are shown in (e, f and g), respectively. h summary data showing relative changes in channel activity when compared with that before the bath application of glycine (control, dashed line). Effects of bath application of N + G were also examined in neurons treated with L689560 (1 μM, N + G/L689560), DIP (N + G/DIP) or sDIP (N + G/sDIP). Values in brackets indicate number of patches recorded. *: P < 0.05 (paired t-test) in comparison with control before bath application of DHPG or glycine