Table 3.
Characteristics of the participants
| Men (N = 373) | Women (N = 197) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002–2004 | 2012–2014 | 2002–2004 | 2012–2014 | |||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p | |
| Age (years) | 47.07 (10.29) | 57.62 (10.30) | <0.001 | 45.18 (8.27) | 55.67 (8.23) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.04 (8.54) | 90.01 (8.81) | <0.001 | 75.65 (7.32) | 77.81 (8.39) | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 25.36 (2.72) | 25.71 (3.00) | <0.001 | 23.43 (3.03) | 24.07 (3.38) | <0.001 |
| VO2peak relative (ml/kg/min) | 38.37 (7.99) | 36.84 (8.63) | <0.002 | 29.42 (5.92) | 27.93 (5.59) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 206.39 (37.46) | 205.74 (38.67) | 0.732 | 207.72 (38.47) | 224.55 (36.81) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 55.68 (11.87) | 53.97 (11.64) | <0.001 | 70.80 (15.49) | 69.19 (15.15) | 0.100 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 127.95 (33.87) | 130.29 (34.33) | 0.166 | 118.13 (35.23) | 136.17 (32.15) | <0.001 |
| Ratio Total/HDL cholesterol | 3.86 (1.03) | 3.98 (1.18) | 0.011 | 3.05 (0.88) | 3.37 (0.85) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 111.73 (63.80) | 108.13 (74.42) | 0.347 | 92.02 (36.90) | 95.89 (53.61) | 0.285 |
| Diet Quality Index (%) | 61.98 (8.78) | 63.82 (8.32) | <0.001 | 67.24 (8.11) | 69.05 (7.07) | 0.001 |
| Mediterranean Diet Score (score on 9 points) | 3.86 (1.53) | 3.93 (1.54) | 0.550 | 3.80 (1.51) | 4.01 (1.47) | 0.116 |
| Healthy Eating Index-2010 (%) | 44.85 (10.87) | 46.68 (9.79) | 0.002 | 49.22 (10.27) | 52.03 (10.81) | 0.001 |
| % | % | p chi2 | % | % | p chi2 | |
| Actual smokers (%) | 13.7 | 8.8 | <0.001 | 13.1 | 8.5 | <0.001 |