Table 1.

Factors that differentiate cleidocranial dysplasia from rickets

	Cleidocranial dysplasia	Vitamin D resistant rickets
Family history	Usually an autosomal dominant linkage	Usually sex-linked dominant linkage
Dental findings	Normal morphology of enamel and dentin Normal mineral content Normal size of pulp chamber Normal root outlines Normal supporting alveolar bone Normal maxillary/mandibular arches	Altered morphology of enamel and dentin (defective shape and size) Hypomineralisation. Large pulp chambers. Short roots. Hypoplastic alveolus, especially evidence of poorly formed lamina dura. Hypoplastic of maxilla and mandible. Defective enamel and dentin with large pulp chambers lead to early pulpal involvement.
Radiographic findings	Presence of multiple impacted supernumerary teeth Normal/hypomineralisation of bones Hypoplasia/aplasia of acromial ends of clavicles Hypoplasia of distal phalanges Hypoplastic iliac wings, wide sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis in hips	Hypomineralisation of bone Evident costochondral swellings (rachitic rosary) Splaying and cupping of metaphysis Cranial synostoses
Histological findings	Normal structure of enamel, dentin and bone	Tubular clefts are very commonly seen in dentin Abnormal or deficient or coarse bony trabeculae
Laboratory findings	Normal levels of calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D	Hypocalcaemia Hypophosphataemia Hypovitaminosis D