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. 2015 Nov 24;88(4):367–374.

Table 1. Growth Factors and Culture Medium for Human Organoids.

Hepatic Organoids [25] Intestinal Organoids [9] Brain Organoids [43]
DMEM/F12 AdDMEM/F12 (Invitrogen) DMEM/F12 low concentration basic fibroblast growth factor (4 ng ml−1)
1% N2 and 1% B27 (GIBCO) penicillin and streptomycin 50 μM Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor49 (Calbiochem)
1.25 mM N-Acetylcysteine (Sigma) 10 mM HEPES 100 N2 supplement (Invitrogen)
10 nM gastrin (Sigma) Glutamax N2, B27 (all from Invitrogen) Glutamax (Invitrogen)
50 ng/ml EGF (Peprotech) 1 μM N-acetylcysteine (Sigma) minimum essential media-nonessential amino acids (MEM-NEAA)
10% RSPO1 conditioned media (homemade) 50 ng ml−1 mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) 1 μg ml−1 heparin50 (Sigma)
100 ng/ml FGF10 (Peprotech) 50% Wnt3a-conditioned medium (WCM) 1:1 mixture of DMEM/F12
25 ng/ml HGF (Peprotech) 10% noggin-conditioned medium (NCM) 1:200 N2 supplement (Invitrogen)
10 mM Nicotinamide (Sigma) 20% Rspo1-conditioned medium 1:100 B27 supplement without vitamin A (Invitrogen)
5 uM A83.01 (Tocris) 10 μM nicotinamide (Sigma) 3.5 μl l−1 2-mercaptoethanol
10 uM FSK (Tocris) 10 nM gastrin (Sigma) 1:4,000 insulin (Sigma)
Noggin (Peprotech) 500 nM A83-01 (Tocris) 1:100 Glutamax (Invitrogen)
30% Wnt CM (homemade) 10 μM SB202190 (Sigma) 1:200 MEM-NEAA
10 uM (Y27632, Sigma Aldrich) Matrigel B27 supplement with vitamin A (Invitrogen)
Matrigel Matrigel