Table 1.
Review of case-crossover studies in literature for association between PM and MI
| Study | Location | Participants | Exposure | Design | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Talbott et al3 | Washington DC and 4 east coast US states | 688 715 cases of MI | PM2.5 | Time-stratified | No association for lag 0 and 1 day with acute MI in 2 east coast states for all seasons |
| Wichmann et al4 | Gothenburg, Sweden | 28 215 cases of MI | PM10, soot | Time-stratified | No association found |
| Milojevic et al5 | England and Wales | 452 343 cases of MI | PM2.5, PM10 | Time-stratified | No association found |
| Bard et al6 | Strasbourg, France | 2134 cases of MI | PM10 | Time-stratified | No association found |
| Hodas et al7 | New Jersey, USA | 1561 HA for transmural MI (age ≥18) | PM2.5 | Time-stratified | Refined ambient PM2.5 (24 h average before onset) was associated with transmural MI |
| Rich et al8 | New Jersey, USA | 1562 HA for transmural MI (age ≥18) | PM2.5 species | Time-stratified | PM2.5 species (24 h average before onset) was associated with transmural MI |
| Kioumourtzoglou et al9 | 3 US cities | Emergency HA | OC species | Modified bidirectional | No association found |
| Tsai et al10 | Taipei, Taiwan | 27 563 HA for acute MI | PM10 | Time-stratified | No association found |
| Bhaskaran et al11 | England and Wales | 79 288 HA for MI | PM10 | Time-stratified | PM10 (1–6 h average before onset) was associated with acute MI |
| Nuvolone et al12 | Florence, Italy | 11 450 HA for acute MI | PM10 | Time-stratified | PM10 (lag 2 day) was associated with acute MI |
| Cadum et al13 | 10 Italian cities | HA for acute MI | PM10 | Time-stratified | PM10 was associated with acute MI |
| Rich et al14 | New Jersey, USA | 5864 HA for first-time AMI | PM2.5 | Time-stratified | PM2.5 (24 h average before onset) was associated with transmural MI |
| Hsieh et al15 | Taipei, Taiwan | 23 420 HA for MI | PM10 | Time-stratified | PM10 (3-day average before onset) was associated with MI |
| Cheng et al16 | Kaohsiung, Taiwan | 9349 HA for MI | PM10 | Time-stratified | PM10 (3-day average before onset) in cool days (<25°C) was associated with MI |
| Zanobetti and Schwartz17 | Boston, USA | 15 578 HA for acute MI | PM2.5, BC | Time-stratified | PM2.5 (lag 0-day) was associated with acute MI |
| Barnett et al18 | 5 cities in Australian and New Zealand | HA for CVD (age ≥15) | PM2.5, PM10 | Time-stratified | PM2.5 (24 h average before onset) was associated with MI |
| Zanobetti and Schwartz19 | 21 US cities | 302 453 HA for MI (age ≥65) | PM10 | Time-stratified | PM10 (lag 0-day) was associated with MI |
| Sullivan et al20 | Washington, USA | 5793 cases of acute MI | PM2.5, PM10 | Time-stratified | No association found |
| D'Ippoliti et al21 | Rome, Italy | 6531 HA for first-time AMI | TSP | Time stratified | TSP (lag 0–2 days) was associated with acute MI |
Here we focus only on studies of association between PM and MI, they could be partial results from larger studies. Only studies with >1000 MI events are reported.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BC, black carbon; HA, hospital admission; MI, myocardial infarction; OC, organic carbon; PM, particulate matter; TSP, total suspended particulate.