Table 1. Summary of data from studies analyzing primary myeloid DCs.
| Author | Patients | Maturation stimuli | Frequency | Phenotype | Cytokine stimulus | Cytokine response | Allo T cells | MLR response | Antigen-specific response | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beckebaum14 | 12 mixed patients±cirrhosis | NA | = | NT | NA | NT | NT | NT | NT | |
| van der Molen15 | Treatment naive, 15 HBeAg+, 15 HBeAg−, ±fibrosis | IL-1β and TNF-α | = | 1. =ex vivo HLA-DR/CD80/CD862. <% CD80/86 after maturation | polyI:C+IFN-γ | 1. =IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-62. <TNF-α | Total T cells | < | NT | 1. TNF-α increased with high viral load2. Phenotype/MLR response not related to viral load or ALT |
| van der Molen18 | 12 mixed patients, ±cirrhosisAdefovir treatment | IL-1β and TNF-α | <, restored with therapy | No change with therapy | polyI:C+IFN-γ | 1. IL-12p70 increased with therapy2. IL-10 decreased with therapy3. TNF-α no change | Total T cells | Increased with therapy | NT | No correlation for IL-10 or IL-12 production and HBV DNA or ALT |
| Tavakoli16 | 38 patientsHigh viral load and ALT38 patientslow viral load & ALT—no cirrhosis | IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2 | = | = | 1. CD40Ligand2. S. aureus Cowan strain 13. CpG20064. polyI:C | = | CD4 T cells | = | =peptide-specific IFN-γ production with T-cell clone | 1. longitudinal frequency and phenotype analysis show variations |
| Chen19 | Immune active, Immune-tolerant, healthy | polyI:C | NT | >PD-L1 | NA | NT | CD4 or CD8 T cells | <, restored by blocking PD-L1 | NT | |
| Gehring17 | Mixed | NT | = | NT | NA | NT | Total T cells | = | NT | |
| Zhang12 | PediatricImmune-tolerantImmune-active | NT | =Tolerant<Active | NT | polyI:C | =IL-12 in all groups | NT | NT | NT | |
| Koumbi13 | Cord bloodNeonates | NT | = | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT |
Abbreviations: DC, dendritic cell; HBV, hepatitis B virus; MLR, mixed lymphocyte reaction.
<, lower than healthy; >, higher than healthy; =, equal to healthy; NT, not tested; NA, not applicable.