Figure 1.

Effect of pro-inflammatory agonists on the release of inflammatory cytokines by neutrophils. Neutrophils were incubated for 2 and 24 h in presence of PBS (vehicle), fMLP (10⁻⁷ M), LPS (1 µg/ml) or TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for the subsequent quantification of VEGF, IL-1RA (2 h) and IL-8 (24 h) release by ELISA. Data are represented as the mean±s.e.m. of at least eight independent experiments. *P<0.05 and ***P<0.001 compared with PBS-treated neutrophils. fMLP, Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe; IL-1RA, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; TNF-α, tumor-necrosis factor-α VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.