Table 2.
Summary of findings
| Prescribing-based interventions | |||
| Litchfield (2010) | Bellis (1993) | Gunne (1986) | |
| Number of participants | 34 | 25 | 34 |
| Study design | Before/after | Before/after | Before/after |
| Intervention type | Substitute prescribing | Substitute prescribing | Substitute prescribing |
| Levels of illicit drug use | % urines testing positive for non-prescribed drugs At baseline: 87% (95% CI 75.7% to 98.3%) At 12 months: 72% (95% CI 56.91% to 87.09%) |
% urines testing positive for non-prescribed drugs At baseline: 80% (95% CI 64.32% to 95.68%) At 12 months: 51% (95% CI 31.4% to 70.6%) |
Women with urine samples consistently testing negative for non-prescribed drugs At baseline: 0% (95% CI 0% to 0%) Up to 220 months: 71% (55.75% to 86.25%) |
| Involvement in sex working | Women reporting sex working At baseline: 100% (95% CI 100% to 100%) At 12 months: 33% (17.19% to 48.81%) |
Not reported | Women not involved in sex work At baseline: 0% (95% CI 0% to 0%) Up to 220 months: 71% (55.75% to 86.25%) |
| Levels of income from sex work | % income from sex work At baseline: 78%(95% CI 61.76% to 94.24%) At 12 months: 20% (95% CI 4.32% to 35.68%) |
||
| Levels of homelessness | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Non prescribing-based interventions | |||
| Surrat (2010) | Sherman (2006) | Yahne (2002) | |
| Number of participants | 806 | 50 | 27 |
| Study design | RCT | Before/after | Before/after |
| Intervention type | Educational | Educational | Psychological |
| Levels of illicit drug use | 3 months: OR 1.17 (0.84 to 1.66) 6 months: OR 1.14 (0.8 to 1.61) |
% women reporting daily drug use: At baseline: 76% (95% CI 64.16% to 87.84%) At 3 months: 55% (95% CI 41.21% to 68.79%) |
Reported days abstinent in last 30 days At baseline: 15% (95% CI 1.53% to 28.47%) At 4 months: 51% (95% CI 32.14% to 69.86%) |
| p Value (where given) | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| Involvement in sex working | 3 months: OR 0.944 (0.67 to 1.32) 6 months: OR 1.14 (0.79 to 1.65) |
Median clients/month At baseline: 9 At 3 months 3 |
% days sex worked in last 30 days At baseline: 59% (95% CI 40.45% to 77.55%) At 4 months: 17% (95% CI 2.83% to 31.17%) |
| p Value (where given) | 0.025 | <0.0001 | |
| Levels of homelessness | Women reporting homelessness at study entry Usual care: 42.9% Intervention group: 41% |
27% reported homelessness in 3 months prior to study | Not reported |