Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Liver Disease Classification.
| Characteristics | Total (N=148) |
Not NAFLD (n=61) |
NAFL (not NASH) (n=57) |
Borderline NASH (n=21) |
Definite NASH (n=9) |
Overall p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Female, n (%) | 106 (71.6%) | 49 (80.3%) | 42 (73.7%) | 10 (47.6%) | 5 (55.6%) | 0.02 |
| Mean age at surgery, years ± SD | 16.8 ± 1.55 | 16.6 ± 1.62 | 17.0 ± 1.50 | 17.2 ± 1.54 | 16.4 ± 1.36 | 0.30 |
| White race, n (%) | 101 (68.2%) | 38 (62.3%) | 43 (75.4%) | 14 (66.7%) | 6 (66.7%) | 0.50 |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 13 (8.8%) | 5 (8.2%) | 5 (8.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0.97 |
| BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR) | 51.6 (46.3, 60.5) | 49.8 (45.8, 56.1) |
53.5 (46.9, 62.9) |
55.3 (50.1, 63.0) |
52.9 (46.0, 55.4) |
0.10 |
| Pre-op weight loss >5%, n (%) | 17 (11.5%) | 10 (16.4%) | 5 (8.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.47 |
| Histology | ||||||
| Fibrosis stage (score) | <0.01 | |||||
| None (0) | 120 (81.1%) | 57 (93.4%) | 50 (87.7%) | 12 (57.1%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
| Mild zone 3 only (1a) | 6 (4.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (33.3%) | |
| Moderate zone 3 only (1b) | 4 (2.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | |
| Periportal only (1c) | 13 (8.8%) | 4 (6.6%) | 4 (7.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Mild/moderate zone 3 and periportal (2) |
4 (2.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | |
| Bridging (3) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
| Cirrhosis (4) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Fibrosis score, mean ± SD | 0.23 ± 0.52 | 0.07 ± 0.25 | 0.14 ± 0.40 | 0.48 ± 0.60 | 1.33 ± 0.87 | <0.01 |
| NAS score, mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 1.48 | 0.59 ± 0.53 | 2.1 ± 0.72 | 3.0 ± 1.20 | 5.1 ± 1.76 | <0.01 |
| Biopsy length (mm), median (IQR)* | 10.0 (7,13) | 9.0 (8,12) | 9.5 (7,14) | 13.0 (8,18) | 11.0 (9,12) | 0.14 |
| Lab Values, median (IQR) | ||||||
| ALT, U/L (n=122) | 27.0 (19, 38) | 22.5 (17, 31) | 27.0 (23, 38) | 30.0 (23, 38) | 63.5 (40.5, 106) |
<0.01 |
| AST, U/L (n=122) | 32.0 (24, 42) | 28.0 (22, 40) | 32.0 (23, 40) | 37.0 (27, 46) | 49.5 (33, 107.5) |
<0.01 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L (n=120) | 92.5 (74, 113) | 99.5 (80, 114) | 97.0 (69, 113) |
86.0 (65, 102) |
91.5 (75.5, 138.5) |
0.56 |
| Fasting Glucose, mg/dL | 94.0 (87, 103) | 91.0 (85, 101) | 96.0 (87, 101) |
96.0 (93, 103) |
135 (122, 150) |
<0.01 |
| Fasting Insulin, mU/mL (n=144) | 25.2 (15.3, 37.5) | 24.0 (12.4, 31.9) |
25.8 (16.9, 42.5) |
26.8 (17.0, 32.3) |
41.9 (33, 73.6) |
0.11 |
| HOMA-IR (n=144) | 5.9 (3.7, 9.6) | 5.4 (2.8, 7.1) | 6.9 (4.2, 10.0) |
5.8 (4.0, 8.4) | 12.4 (9.6, 21.1) |
0.03 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 113.0 (82, 163) | 103.0 (77, 134) | 121.0 (90, 173) |
139.0 (88, 215) |
142 (109, 197) |
0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 87.0 (72, 108) | 88.0 (71, 106) | 87.0 (74, 119) |
92.0 (74, 107) |
83.0 (71,92) | 0.66 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 36.0 (32, 41) | 37.0 (32, 40) | 33.0 (30, 40) | 37.0 (33, 44) | 40.0 (38, 45) | 0.07 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 153.5 (134.5, 175.5) |
150.0 (130, 163) |
154.0 (136, 185) |
160.0 (142, 182) |
155.0 (153, 158) |
0.52 |
| Albumin (g/dl) (n=142) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.4) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.4) | 4.3 (4.2, 4.4) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.4) | 4.4 (4.3, 4.6) | 0.13 |
| White blood cell count (k/ul) (n=143) |
8.3 (6.9, 10.2) | 8.1 (6.5, 10.0) | 8.3 (6.9, 10.0) |
8.6 (6.4, 10.5) |
10.0 (9.2, 10.7) |
0.30 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 20 (13.5%) | 4 (6.6%) | 5 (8.8%) | 5 (23.8%) | 6 (66.7%) | <0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 116 (78.4%) | 44 (72.1%) | 47 (82.5%) | 17 (81.0%) | 8 (88.9%) | 0.53 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 65 (43.9%) | 19 (31.2%) | 26 (45.6%) | 13 (61.9%) | 7 (77.8%) | 0.01 |
*
n=1 missing.