Table 1.
This table highlights some of the polymer-drug combinations as they have been applied to OA and their results.
| Polymer Type | Drug | Model/Route of Delivery | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) | Paclotaxel | carrageenan induced rabbit model of arthritis/IA Injections | 20% paclitaxel loaded PLA microspheres in the 35-100 um size range delivered intra-articularly reduced all measure of inflammation | [116] |
| PLA | Methotrexate (MTX) | Rabbit induced arthritis model/IA Injections | 10 fold increase in MTX retention in joint compared to free MTX after intra articular injection | [117] |
| PLGA-PEG | methacrylic derivative of ibuprofen | Ex vivo sheep joints | Decreased burst release of drug and prolonged sustained release for up to 3 months | [118] |
| PLGA | Clonidine | In vitro drug release | Achieves controlled release for up to 30 days of hydrophilic drug | [119] |
| PLGA | Lornoxicam | Rat induced arthritis model/IA Injections | Reduced drug plasma levels compared to free drug, retention time increased after intra-articular injections | [120, 121] |
| PLGA | Naproxen Sodium | Rabbit induced arthritis model via intra-articular injection of ovalbumin and Freud’s Complete Adjuvant/IA Injection | Improved cure of articular arthritis when treated with PLGA loaded particles compared to BSA microspheres. | [122] |
| PLGA | ibuprofen/Labrafil | In vitro drug release | Prolonged drug release with addition of labrafil | [123] |
| PLGA | Methylpredniso lone (MP) | Rat induced arthritis model/IA Injection | Rapid increase in MP concentration in plasma at 30 minutes compared to MP suspension | [124] |
| PLGA | Dexamethasone | mouse dorsal air pouch model/local Injection | Similar DXM release with varying polymer molecular weights | [100] |
| PLGA | Betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) | rat air-pouch model/antigen-induced arthritic rabbit model/local or IA Injection | joint swelling significantly decreased at 21 days with administration of PLGA drug loaded particles | [125] |
| PLA and PLGA | hyaluronate | Arthritis and osteoarthritis rat models/IA Injection | administration of particles did not worsen already altered articular tissues and did not cause inflammation in healthy rat knees | [126] |
| PLGA | PTH(1-34) | Papain-induced OA rat model/IA Injection | Effect of PTH/PLGA microspheres on suppressing the OA progression was similar to that of a once-every-three-day injections | [127] |
| PLGA | Sulforaphane (SFN) | Surgically induced OA (ACL transection) in rats/local delivery (or injection) | Treatment with SFN-PLGA microspheres inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of COX-2, ADAMTS-5 and MMP-2 induced by LPS in articular chondrocytes. Intra-articular SFN-PLGA microspheres delayed the progression of surgically induced OA in rat. | [128] |
| PLGA | siRNA against TNF-a | preclinical model of RA/local injection | PLGA microspheres slowly released siRNAs effectively inhibited the expression of TNF-a in arthritic joints | [129] |
| Chitosan | Flurbiprofin | Rat knee joints/IA Injection | significant extended release of flurbiprofen from microspheres in comparison with its solution | [110] |