Table 1.

Efficacy of sucrose versus sodium salts (sodium gluconate, monosodium glutamate) in reducing bitterness of bitter agents in aqueous solutions among adults and children.^a

Blocking/masking agent
Bitter agent	Sodium gluconate		Monosodium Glutamate		Sucrose
	Children	Adults	Children	Adults	Children	Adults
Urea	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
Caffeine	↔	↓	↔	↔	↓	↓
Quinine	↓	↓	↔	↓	↓	↓
Denatonium	↔	↓	↔	↓	↓	↓
PROP	↔	↔	↔	↔	↓	↓
Tetralone	↑	↑	NA	NA	NA	NA

PROP, 6-n-propylthiouracil; ↓, decreased bitterness; ↑, increased bitterness; ↔, no effect; NA, not assessed.

^aAdapted from Mennella et al. [45, 77, 78].