Table 2.
Results of Multivariable Multinomial Logistic Regression Model Predicting Hookah Use (Weighted n = 17 164)
| Ever hookah user | ||
|---|---|---|
| No intent to use again vs. never used | Intent to use again vs. never used | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Other tobacco use | ||
| Cigarette smoking status | ||
| Never | Ref. | Ref. |
| Former | 2.5 (2.0, 3.0) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.3) |
| Some days | 3.2 (2.3, 4.4) | 3.7 (2.3, 5.9) |
| Every day | 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) | 3.3 (2.2, 4.9) |
| Cigar smoking status | ||
| Never | Ref. | Ref. |
| Former | 3.4 (2.8, 4.0) | 4.2 (2.9, 6.2) |
| Current | 3.0 (2.4, 3.9) | 8.0 (5.3, 12.0) |
| Ever used dissolvable products | ||
| No | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.3 (0.9, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) |
| Attitudes/beliefs | ||
| How dangerous do you think smoking tobacco in a regular pipe or hookah is to a person’s own health? | ||
| Pipe/Hookah is not/little/moderately dangerous | 1.2 (1.03, 1.4) | 2.3 (1.8, 3.0) |
| Pipe/Hookah is very/extremely dangerous | Ref. | Ref. |
| Demographic characteristics | ||
| Age | ||
| 18–24 y | 3.0 (2.1, 4.3) | 8.6 (5.6, 13.1) |
| 25–34 y | 2.2 (1.7, 2.9) | 3.5 (2.4, 5.1) |
| 35–44 y | Ref. | Ref. |
| 45–54 y | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) |
| 55–64 y | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) |
| ≥65 y | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.1 (0.04, 0.2) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | Ref. | Ref. |
| Black | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1.3 (1.01, 1.7) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) |
| Other/multiple races | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) |
| Female | Ref. | Ref. |
| Education | ||
| High school or less | Ref. | Ref. |
| Some college | 1.6 (1.3, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) |
| Bachelor’s or more | 2.6 (2.1, 3.3) | 2.4 (1.6, 3.7) |
| Income | ||
| <$25 000 | Ref. | Ref. |
| $25 000–49 999 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) |
| $50 000–74 999 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) |
| $75 000–99 999 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) |
| ≥$100 000 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | Ref. | Ref. |
| Divorced/separated | 1.6 (1.3, 2.1) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) |
| Never married | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.8) |
| Living with partner | 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) | 2.6 (1.7, 4.0) |
| Widowed | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | 1.5 (0.6, 3.5) |
| Employment | ||
| Employed | Ref. | Ref. |
| Laid off/looking for work | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) |
| Retired/disabled | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.3) |
| Not working—other reason | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) |
| Region of the country | ||
| Midwest | Ref. | Ref. |
| Northeast | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.8) |
| South | 1.2 (0.996, 1.5) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) |
| West | 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) |
CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.