Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by cognitive impairment
| Characteristic | MoCA category | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | P-value | |
| Cut points, MoCA score | <26 | ≥26 | |
| N | 166 | 153 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 73.5±7 | 70±6 | <0.01 |
| Female | 111 (67) | 100 (65) | 0.77 |
| Caucasian | 80 (48) | 110 (72) | <0.01 |
| African-American | 30 (18) | 12 (8) | 0.007 |
| Hispanic | 26 (16) | 21 (14) | 0.62 |
| Asian | 21 (13) | 9 (6) | 0.04 |
| Postsecondary education | 148 (89) | 146 (95) | 0.04 |
| Medical history | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 30 (18) | 21 (14) | 0.29 |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease | 137 (86) | 129 (82) | 0.67 |
| History of hypertension | 77 (50) | 85 (52) | 0.83 |
| Diabetic | 25 (15) | 12 (7) | 0.04 |
| Alcohol user | 100 (60) | 118(77) | 0.001 |
| Current or former smoker | 47 (28) | 65 (36) | 0.071 |
| Antihypertensive medications used | |||
| angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 56 (33) | 62 (41) | 0.2 |
| Beta-blocker | 34 (20) | 23 (15) | 0.2 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 31 (18) | 19 (12) | 0.12 |
| Diuretics | 43 (25) | 37 (24) | 0.72 |
| Mean number of BP medications (among users) | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.98 |
| Measurements | |||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 ± SD | 27±5 | 27±5 | 0.9 |
| CKD-EPI eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 ± SD | 74±16 | 77±15 | 0.1 |
| Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratioa | 22 (13, 32) | 16 (10, 33) | 0.15 |
| Mean in-clinic systolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 142±17 | 139±15 | 0.11 |
| Mean in-clinic diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 74±10 | 76±9 | 0.14 |
| Mean in-clinic pulse pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 68±13 | 63±12 | 0.002 |
| Orthostatic hypotension, 10mm Hg | −3.4±12 | −2.8±11 | 0.65 |
| Mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 128±13 | 126±11 | 0.18 |
| Mean 24-hour diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 72±8 | 74±7 | 0.05 |
| Mean 24-hour pulse pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 56±12 | 52±10 | 0.004 |
| Mean wake systolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 130 (13) | 129 (12) | 0.31 |
| Mean sleep systolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 117 (16) | 113 (13) | 0.01 |
| Mean wake diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 74 (8) | 76 (8) | 0.04 |
| Mean sleep diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 64 (9) | 65 (8) | 0.51 |
| Nighttime systolic dipping, % | 10±8 | 12±7 | 0.02 |
| AASI | 0.53±0.14 | 0.50±0.14 | 0.06 |
| ARV (systolic) | 11±2 | 11±2 | 0.31 |
| Average geriatric depression score (range 0–15) | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.14 |
Abbreviations: AASI, ambulatory arterial stiffness index; ARV, average real variability; BP, blood pressure; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
Values are in number (%) unless otherwise indicated.
aMedian (quartile 1, quartile 3).