Figure 2.

Freedom from middle ear colonization (MEC) following bacterial infection in recently vaccinated mice. Groups of 8-week-old BALB/c mice received live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) 7 days (n = 26), LAIV 1 day (n = 26), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 1 day (n = 20) before inoculation with serotype 7F pneumococcal bacteria engineered to express luciferase. In vivo imaging was used to detect bacterial MEC every 12–15 hours for the first 2 days following pneumococcal infection and at least daily thereafter. Initial onset of pneumococcal MEC was recorded for each mouse, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to describe freedom from pneumococcal MEC. *P < .05, by the log-rank test, compared with PBS controls, corrected for multiple comparisons using the false-discovery rate.