Table 1.

Novel biomarkers and their potential utility in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response in sepsis based on current literature.

	Diagnostic utility	Prognostic utility	Treatment response	Areas of future investigation
Soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1	Yes			Low sensitivity in the urinary tract Levels sampled from site of infection rather than serum
IL-27	Yes			Higher utility in pediatric patients than adults
Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor		Yes	Possibly	Variable cut-off values to indicate high mortality in literature Inconsistent results regarding therapy effectiveness
Neutrophil CD64	Yes	Yes		Limited studies to date
Presepsin	Yes	Yes
Cell-free plasma DNA		Yes		High variability of results using different assays (ultraviolet-absorbance vs PCR method)
miRNA	Yes	Yes		Inconsistent methods of investigation