Table 7.
Description of the various Mediterranean diets considered in this study and the mean scores of these diets among study participants, excluding under- and over-reporters (n = 1,388)
| Food components | Lebanona,j | Greeceb | Italyc | Spaind | Francee.g | EPIC/Europef |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food groups | ||||||
| Cereals |
– |
– | – | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) |
| Non-refined cereal | – | √ (+) | – | – | – | – |
| Fruits | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) |
| Dried fruits | √ (+) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Vegetables | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) |
| Nuts and seeds | – | – | – | √ (+) | – | – |
| Legumes | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | – | √ (+) |
| Dairy products | √ (+) | √ (−) | – | √ (−) | – | √ (−) |
| Foods | ||||||
| Burghol | √ (+) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Olive oil | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | – |
| Butter | – | – | √ (−) | – | – | – |
| Poultry | – | √ (−) | – | – | – | – |
| Red meat and/or meat products | – | √ (−) | √ (−) | √ (−) | √ (−) | √ (−) |
| Fish | – | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (+) |
| Eggs | √ (+) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Pasta | – | – | √ (+) | – | – | – |
| Potatoes | √ (+) | √ (+) | √ (−) | – | – | – |
| Soft drinks | – | – | √ (−) | – | – | – |
| Alcohol | – | √ (–) | √ (*) | √ (*) | – | √ (*) |
| Nutrients | ||||||
| Cholesterol | – | – | – | – | √ (−) | – |
| SFA (% energy) | – | – | – | – | √ (−) | – |
| (MUFA + PUFA)/SFA | – | – | – | – | – | √ (+) |
| Total number of components | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9h | 7i | 9 |
| Minimum possible score | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum possible score | 27 | 55 | 11 | 18 | 14 | 9 |
| Mean scores ± SD | 17.27 ± 3.22 | 27.3 ± 4.60 | 3.50 ± 1.63 | 8.45 ± 2.43 | 6.37 ± 1.76 | 4.16 ± 1.52 |
(+) Was used when a higher score was assigned to a greater intake, (−) was used when a higher score was assigned to a lower intake, (*) was used when the highest score was assigned for moderate intake
aNaja et al. [12], b Panagiotakos et al. [22], c Agnoli et al. [24], d Buckland et al. [25], e Gerber M. [26], f Trichopoulou A. et al. [27], g The scores for France MD were reversed using the following formula [14-(MED-DQI)] and the transformed scores were reported in this table, h The fruit group for this pattern included nuts and seeds, i For this pattern fruits and vegetables were combined into one group, j For the LMD, in lieu of “starchy vegetables” group, only “potato” group was added to the list of food components making up the LMD, as peas and corn were already included as part of the “vegetables” group