Table 2.
Oxidative stress markers. AUC: Area Under the Curve; ASD: Autistic Spectrum Disorder; HC: healthy controls; and SD: standard deviation.
| Lab test | Increase | Decrease | P values | Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) | Diagnosis | Age (Y): range (mean ± SD) |
Number M/F |
Control group | Country | Biologic sample | Technique | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cut-off values | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | ||||||||||||
| GSH/GSSG (μmol/L) | ∗ | 0.001 | 31.100 | 100.0% | 20.0% | 1.000 | Autism | 3–15 | 20 male | HC | Saudi Arabia | Plasma | Biochemical assay | [40] | |
| Peroxiredoxin 1 (ng/mL) |
∗ | 0.001 | 26.240 | 90.0% | 80.0% | 0.915 | ELISA | ||||||||
| Peroxiredoxin 3 (ng/mL) |
∗ | 0.001 | 26.990 | 100.0% | 85.0% | 1.000 | ELISA | ||||||||
| Thioredoxin 1 (ng/mL) |
∗ | 0.001 | 52.140 | 100.0% | 85.0% | 0.993 | ELISA | ||||||||
| Total glutathione (μmol/L) |
∗ | 0.001 | 9.320 | 100.0% | 20.0% | 1.000 | Biochemical assay | ||||||||
| Thioredoxin reductase activity (mU/mL) |
∗ | 0.001 | 2.350 | 65% | 85% | 0.881 | Biochemical assay | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Thioredoxin (TRX) (ng/mL) | ∗ | <0.0001 | 10.6 | 86.9% | 78.6% | 0.913 | ASD | (3.82 ± 1.34) | 63/17 | HC | China | Serum | ELISA | [41] | |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Isoprostane (pg/mL) |
∗ | 0.001 | 78.270 | 100.0% | 78.9% | 1.000 | Autism | 4–12 | 20 male | HC | Saudi Arabia | Plasma | ELISA | [45] | |