Fig. 1.

The introduction of the da Vinci robotic surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) has revolutionized the field of minimally invasive surgery. This robotic system provides high-definition, three-dimensional vision, surgeon-motion filtration, articulating movements of the instruments, stable camera control and retraction, and better ergonomics. The fatigue that is associated with unnatural positions during laparoscopy was eliminated by the use of robotic technology.⁵