Table 2.
Gambling behavior variables of subjects with Gambling Disorder (GD) due to Electronic Gaming Machines in Brazil and the United States (US).
| Variables | BRAZIL (n = 503) Mean (SDa) or n (%) | US (n=181) Mean (SD) or n (%) | Test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | P | Controlled Pb | |||
| - Age of gambling onset | 32.43 (±16.1) | 31.50 (±15) | F=.774 | .358 | NAc |
| - Age of GD onset | 39.31 (±10.9) | 39.80 (±11.8) | F=.281 | .596 | NA |
| - Lag between gambling onset and GD (in years) | 6.88 (±8.9) | 8.54 (±9.8) | F=4.832 | .028 | .077 |
| - GD severityd | 7.44 (±1.2) | 7.15 (±1.3) | F=3.493 | .062 | NA |
| - Gamble when feel distressed (seeking relief) | 372 (74%) | 142 (78.5%) | x2=1.441 | .230 | NA |
| - Chasing | 464 (92.2%) | 146 (80.7%) | x2=18.511 | <.001 | .001 |
| - Illegal acts due to GDe | 220 (43.7%) | 40 (40.8%) | x2=.269 | .604 | NA |
a
standard deviation
b
controlled for age, gender, race and marital status.
c
do not apply
d
GD severity was measured by the total number of criteria endorsed according to the Fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
e
Illegal acts had a n of 503 in the Brazilian Sample and of 98 in the American Sample. The number of respondents in this criteria is lower than the total n due to the evolution of GD criteria in DSM (i.e. DSM-5 removed this behavior from the diagnostic criteria). Therefore, the patients enlisted in 2013 and 2014 did not answer this item.