Table 3.
Patterns in HIV prevalence by socio-economic characteristic and study round in women
| Round 1 (1998 to 2000) | Round 3 (2003 to 2005) | Round 4 (2006 to 2008) | Round 5 (2009 to 2011) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Characteristics | N | HIV+ (%) | OR adjusteda | N | HIV+ (%) | OR adjusteda | N | HIV+ (%) | OR adjusteda | N | HIV+ (%) | OR adjusteda |
| Absolute wealth group | ||||||||||||
| First | 614 | 30.5 (26.8–34.1) |
1 | 1135 | 24.6 (22.1–27.1) |
1 | 759 | 20.6 (17.7–23.4) |
1 | 1284 | 15.1 (13.1–17.1) |
1 |
| Second | 2278 | 26.1 (24.3–27.9) |
0.95 (0.75–1.21) |
3661 | 20.2 (18.9–21.5) |
0.83 (0.68–1.00) |
3066 | 18.7 (17.3–20.0) |
0.87 (0.67–1.13) |
3492 | 17.7 (16.4–19.0) |
1.34* (1.07–1.68) |
| Third | 1645 | 23.3 (21.3–25.4) |
0.82 (0.63–1.06) |
2345 | 19.7 (18.1–21.4) |
0.84 (0.68–1.03) |
1687 | 19.0 (17.1–20.8) |
0.87 (0.65–1.16) |
1467 | 17.2 (15.3–19.2) |
1.33* (1.02–1.73) |
| Highest | 495 | 23.8 (20.1–27.6) |
0.70* (0.49–0.99) |
795 | 20.1 (17.3–22.9) |
0.76 (0.58–1.01) |
622 | 18.8 (15.7–21.9) |
0.74 (0.51–1.08) |
584 | 14.4 (11.5–17.2) |
0.90 (0.62–1.30) |
| Study site | ||||||||||||
| Small towns | 721 | 43.5 (40.0–47.1) |
1 | 956 | 29.4 (26.9–32.0) |
1 | 763 | 29.5 (26.6–32.5) |
1 | 823 | 22.2 (19.9–24.5) |
1 |
| Estates | 1528 | 25.1 (22.8–27.4) |
0.35* (0.27–0.46) |
1824 | 21.1 (19.4–22.8) |
0.56* (0.45–0.68) |
1246 | 19.8 (17.8–21.7) |
0.42* (0.32–0.55) |
1339 | 17.0 (15.2–18.8) |
0.54* (0.42–0.69) |
| RBC | 513 | 22.8 (20.3–25.4) | 0.31* (0.23–0.42) | 1046 | 19.3 (17.4–21.2) | 0.51* (0.40–0.64) | 905 | 16.8 (14.7–18.9) | 0.36* (0.26–0.48) | 966 | 15.9 (14.0–17.9) | 0.58* (0.44–0.75) |
| SFA | 1105 | 14.3 (12.2–16.4) |
0.27* (0.20–0.36) |
1742 | 10.4 (9.0–11.8) |
0.46* (0.37–0.56) |
1579 | 9.4 (7.9–10.8) |
0.35* (0.27–0.46) |
1607 | 10.0 (8.5–11.4) |
0.58* (0.44–0.75) |
| Occupation type | ||||||||||||
| Unemployed | 2250 | 26.7 (24.9–28.5) |
1 | 4353 | 21.5 (20.3–22.7) |
1 | 4101 | 19.7 (18.5–20.9) |
1 | 4526 | 17.9 (16.8–19.0) |
1 |
| Unskilled (other) | 1031 | 17.4 (15.0–19.7) |
0.74* (0.57–0.95) |
1881 | 13.6 (12.0–15.1) |
1.10 (0.90–1.35) |
1295 | 11.6 (9.8–13.3) |
0.92 (0.70–1.21) |
1329 | 10.8 (9.1–12.4) |
1.24 (0.94–1.65) |
| Unskilled (informal) | 1549 | 28.4 (26.2–30.7) |
0.96 (0.81–1.15) |
1450 | 26.8 (24.5–29.1) |
1.12 (0.95–1.32) |
457 | 29.8 (25.6–34.0) |
1.35* (1.01–1.80) |
744 | 19.6 (16.8–22.5) |
0.95 (0.74–1.22) |
| Professional/skilled | 202 | 31.2 (24.8–37.6) |
0.97 (0.66–1.43) |
252 | 24.6 (19.3–29.9) |
0.87 (0.61–1.24) |
281 | 25.6 (20.5–30.7) |
0.96 (0.66–1.39) |
228 | 22.4 (16.9–27.8) |
1.02 (0.67–1.54) |
| Total | 5032 | 25.5 (24.3–26.7) |
7936 | 20.7 (19.8–21.6) |
6134 | 19.0 (18.0–20.0) |
6827 | 16.8 (15.9–17.7) |
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a
Adjusted for household-level clustering and controlled for potential confounding in absolute wealth group, study site, occupation type, age, education level, and marital status.
*
Significant difference from reference category (p<0.05).
RBC, roadside business centres; SFA, subsistence farming areas, OR, odds ratio.