Table 3. Predictors of Delayed School Entry, Fifth-Grade Participants, Healthy Passages Survey, Los Angeles, California; Birmingham, Alabama; and Houston, Texas, 2014^a .

Predictors	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Parental involvementb	0.90 (0.55–1.48)
No. of elementary schools attended	1.17 (1.05–1.31)
Family composition
2-Parent household	1 [Reference]
Single-parent household	1.22 (0.85–1.76)
Other family composition	0.96 (0.46–2.04)
Household income
<$25,000	1 [Reference]
$25,000–$49,999	0.64 (0.41–1.01)
$50,000–$99,999	0.77 (0.43–1.37)
≥$100,000	1.14 (0.65–1.99)
Parental level of education
Less than high school	1 [Reference]
High school	1.17 (0.72–1.90)
Some college	0.63 (0.36–1.11)
College graduate	1.04 (0.54–2.01)
No health insurance	1.30 (0.84–2.01)
Born outside United States	2.83 (1.70–4.72)
Male	1.17(0.88–1.56)
Race/ethnicity
White	1 [Reference]
Black	0.51 (0.34–0.80)
Latino	0.51 (0.29–0.89)
Other	0.99 (0.54–1.80)

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

^a Model also controls for site, interview date, and missing values for income (8.6%) and parent education (1.9%).

^b Parental involvement is the level of involvement parents have in their children’s social and scholastic lives, as measured by parents’ responses on the FACES III scale (2,23).