Table 1.
Clinicopathologic features and TGF-β expression
| TGF-β positive No. (%) | TGF-β negative No. (%) | χ2 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| ≤55 | 156 (56.9 %) | 111 (49.8 %) | 2.534 | 0.111 |
| >55 | 118 (43.1 %) | 112 (50.2 %) | ||
| Tumor size | ||||
| ≤2 cm | 137 (50.0 %) | 141 (63.2 %) | 8.729 | 0.003 |
| >2 cm | 137 (50.0 %) | 82 (36.8 %) | ||
| Skin involvementa | ||||
| No | 229 (83.6 %) | 190 (85.2 %) | 0.245 | 0.620 |
| Yes | 45 (16.4 %) | 33 (14.8 %) | ||
| LN metastasis | ||||
| No | 154 (57.5 %) | 148 (67.9 %) | 5.556 | 0.018 |
| Yes | 114 (42.5 %) | 70 (32.1 %) | ||
| Unknown | 6 | 5 | ||
| Histologic grade | ||||
| ≤II | 182 (67.7 %) | 169 (78.2 %) | 6.710 | 0.01 |
| >II | 87 (32.3 %) | 47 (21.8 %) | ||
| Unknown | 5 | 7 | ||
| Clinical stage | ||||
| I | 91 (33.2 %) | 104 (46.6 %) | 9.329 | 0.009 |
| II | 128 (46.7 %) | 82 (36.8 %) | ||
| III | 55 (20.1 %) | 37 (16.6 %) | ||
| ER | ||||
| (−) | 75 (28.7 %) | 59 (27.6 %) | 0.079 | 0.779 |
| (+) | 186 (71.3 %) | 155 (72.4 %) | ||
| Unknown | 13 | 9 | ||
| HER-2 | ||||
| (−) | 94 (38.7 %) | 83 (41.7 %) | 0.417 | 0.518 |
| (+) | 149 (61.3 %) | 116 (58.3 %) | ||
| Unknown | 31 | 24 | ||
| Tumor type | ||||
| IDCb | 234 (85.4 %) | 189 (84.8 %) | 0.041 | 0.840 |
| Non-IDCc | 40 (14.6 %) | 34 (15.2 %) |
askin involvement: edema, redness, nodularity, or ulceration
bIDC, invasive ductal carcinoma
cNon-IDC: invasive lobular carcinoma, mucinous or colloid carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma