Fig. 2.

Phylogeny of the 49 landbird species used in this study (along with an outgroup, mallard). Tree represents the 70% consensus tree of 1,000 random trees constructed using birdtree.org (26). Terminal branches are colored according to whether species survival was unaffected by WNV (black), only reduced during the year of WNV arrival (blue), or remained low after WNV arrival (red). Names and bars are shown in black for clades for which a nonrandom negative trend with either WNV arrival or presence was observed, and in gray for clades for which no significant trends were observed.