Table 1.
The characteristics of 31 eligible studies.
| Author | Year | Country | Case/controls | Control type | Test method | Cut-off values | SEN/SPE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li Y | 2015 | China | 30/30 | HCC patients | CLIA | 125.07 U/mL | 76.67%/80.00 |
| Wang S | 2015 | China | 15/15 | Normal controls | NA | 28.915 ng/mL | 66.7%/100% |
| Lumachi F | 2014 | Italy | 24/25 | Benign liver disease | CLIA | 37 U/mL | 74.1%/84.8% |
| Voigtländer T | 2014 | Germany | 49/48 | PSC, BDS | NA | 130 U/mL | 53%/82% |
| Kraiklang R | 2014 | Thailand | 40/26 | HCC, chronic biliary-liver disease | NA | 100 U/mL | 44.4%/100% |
| Ma H | 2012 | China | 54/42 | Healthy control | CLIA | 27 U/mL | 81.48%/31.35% |
| Leelawat K | 2011 | Thailand | 50/50 | Benign biliary tract disease | CLIA | 100 U/mL | 72%/86% |
| Jiang H | 2011 | China | 68/115 | BDS | CLIA | 35 kU/L | 73.53%/86.79% |
| Leelawat K | 2010 | Thailand | 59/128 | Benign biliary tract disease | CLIA | 100 U/mL | 68%/87% |
| Li Y | 2009 | China | 115/205 | Benign disease, blood donors | EIA | 37 U/mL | 68.4%/75.0% |
| Qin L | 2009 | China | 35/50 | Benign biliary tract disease | CLIA | 39 U/mL | 80%/860% |
| Liu L | 2008 | China | 56/86 | Benign hepatobiliary diseases, normal controls | EIA | NA | 85.7%/100% |
| Chen J | 2008 | China | 148/98 | Benign polyp | CLIA | 37 U/mL | 82.43%/78.0% |
| Charatcharoenwitthaya P | 2008 | USA | 23/207 | PSC | CLIA | 20 U/mL | 78%/67% |
| Uenishi T | 2007 | Japan | 71/90 | Nonmalignant liver disease | CLIA | 39 U/mL | 62.0%/92.2% |
| Sun H | 2007 | China | 35/31 | Benign biliary tract disease | RIA | 30 U/mL | 80.00%/61.29% |
| Leelawat K | 2006 | Thailand | 33/51 | Benign biliary tract disease, volunteer | CLIA | 100 U/mL | 60.6%/80.49% |
| John AR | 2006 | UK | 68/38 | Benign liver tumors, benign bile bile duct disease | CLIA | 35 kU/L | 67.5%/86.8% |
| Qin X | 2005 | China | 51/42 | Benign bile disease | 37 kU/L | 86%/86% | |
| Levy C | 2005 | USA | 14/194 | PSC | NA | 129 U/mL | 78.6%/98.5% |
| Furmanczyk PS | 2005 | USA | 4/18 | PSC | RIA | 186 IU/mL | 100%/94% |
| Tangkijvanich P | 2004 | Thailand | 45/10 | Benign biliary disease | EIA | 100 U/mL | 64.4%/100% |
| Qin X | 2004 | China | 35/92 | Benign biliary disease | RIA | 37 kU/L | 77.14%/84.78% |
| Wang Z | 2003 | China | 34/21 | Benign polyp | RIA | 37 U/mL | 80.15%/92% |
| Siqueira E | 2002 | USA | 12/43 | PSC | RIA | 180 U/mL | 75.0%/97.3% |
| Patel AH | 2000 | USA | 36/41 | Nonmalignant liver disease | RIA | 100 U/mL | 53%/76% |
| Chalasani N | 2000 | USA | 13/41 | PSC | NA | 100 U/mL | 75%/80% |
| Björnsson E | 1999 | Sweden | 9/63 | PSC | NA | 200 ng/mL | 38%/81% |
| Ramage JK | 1995 | England | 15/59 | PSC | RIA | 200 U/mL | 60.0%/86.3% |
| Nichols JC | 1993 | USA | 9/28 | PSC | RIA | 100 U/mL | 89%/86% |
| Pungpak S | 1991 | Thailand | 14/52 | Normal control | RIA | 43.1 U/mL | 64.3%/98.1% |
PSC – primary sclerosing cholangitis; BDS – bile duct stone; HCC – hepatocellular carcinoma; CLIA – chemiluminescent immunoassay; EIA – sandwichenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RIA – radioimmunoassay; SEN – sensitivity; SPE – specificity.