Ratios of odds ratios (RORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the probability of retaining human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients in care as assessed by an encounter-based measure (REB), conditional on retention assessed by a laboratory-based measure (RLB), among subpopulations of concern (joint-effects interactions), North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD), 2000–2010. Reference groups: for age, ≤50 years; for sex, male; for black race, nonblack race; for injection drug use (IDU) as the primary HIV risk factor, a non-IDU primary HIV risk factor. GEE, generalized estimating equations.