Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of samples
| Group | Age (Years) |
Education (Years) |
Illness Duration (Years) |
Number of Depressive Episodes |
Number of Manic Episodes |
Number of Mixed Episodes |
YMRS | HAMD-17 | PANSS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | General | |||||||||
|
Bipolar patients (n = 26; 31% males) |
|||||||||||
| Mean | 45.21 | 16.03 | 25.90 | 12.65 | 5.08 | 8.27 | 1.23 | 3.15 | 9.58 | 10.15 | 23.08 |
| Standard deviation | 10.10 | 2.05 | 9.42 | 14.94 | 6.05 | 9.88 | 1.47 | 2.24 | 1.68 | 2.56 | 4.09 |
| Range (min-max) | 31–67 | 12–20 | 7.3–44.7 | 3–40 | 1–33 | 1–30 | 0–5 | 0–7 | 7–14 | 7–15 | 17–30 |
|
Healthy Comparison (n = 36; 47% males) |
|||||||||||
| Mean | 46.25 | 15.06 | |||||||||
| Standard deviation | 11.54 | 2.15 | |||||||||
| Range (min-max) | 30–68 | 11–20 | |||||||||
n: number of participants in each group; YMRS: Young Mania Rating Scale; HAMD-17: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.