Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristic | Midodrine / Octreotide | Norepinephrine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presumed HRS (n = 73) |
Definite HRS (n = 27) |
Presumed HRS (n = 14) |
Definite HRS (n = 6) |
|
| Age (years) | 54.5 ± 10 | 54.5 ± 8 | 50.7 ± 8 | 50.1 ± 14 |
| Gender (M / F) | (50 / 23) | (18 / 9) | (9 / 5) | (4 / 2) |
| Race (white / black) | 68 / 5 | 26 / 1 | 14 / 0 | 6 / 0 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.4a | 5.1 ± 1.0b |
| Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 131 ± 6 | 132 ± 5 | 131 ± 5 | 130 ± 6 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.5 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 10.0 ± 11.1 | 11.1 ± 11.7 | 18.6 ± 15.1c | 18.3 ± 17.3d |
| Urine sodium < 10 mEq/L | 54 (73.9) | 21 (78) | 10 (71.4) | 5 (83) |
| MAP (mmHg) | 72.7 ± 11 | 67.6 ± 10 | 76.2 ± 9 | 70.4 ± 9 |
| MELD score | 32 ± 7 | 32 ± 7 | 34.4 ± 5 | 35 ± 7 |
| Urine output (ml/day) | 357 (25–1750) | 302 (25–1750) | 802 (120–1700)a | 482 (0–1175) |
| Pre-therapy albumin challenge | 22 (30.1) | 14 (52) | 8 (57.1) | 5 (83.3) |
| Definite HRS | 27 (36.9) | - | 6 (42.9) | - |
Data are presented as means (SD, standard deviation). Urine sodium < 10 mEq/L, pre-therapy albumin infusion and Definite HRS are presented in number of cases (%); urine output [not available in 16/73 (21%) and 2/14 (14%) of the midodrine/octreotide and norepinephrine-treated patients, respectively] is presented as median (range).
a
P value < 0.05 vs. midodrine/octreotide (presumed HRS);
b
P value < 0.05 vs. midodrine/octreotide (definite HRS);
a
P value < 0.01 vs. midodrine/octreotide (presumed HRS);
b
P value < 0.01 vs. midodrine/octreotide (definite HRS).
Abbreviations: HRS, hepatorenal syndrome; M, male; F, female; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; MAP, mean arterial pressure.