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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014 Oct;57(5):1651–1665. doi: 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-S-13-0161

Fig 4. Phonetic differences across source mechanisms.

Fig 4

Participants’ use of the electrolarynx was associated with a significantly higher F1 across all vowels. The direction of the ordinate and abscissa depict articulatory orientation. Large symbols designate mean locus of each vowel, and solid lines demarcate mean vowel space, for each source mechanism. Small symbols designate values of individual tokens. Ellipses indicate the area within one standard deviation of the vowels’ mean. The large panel at left illustrates the mean vowel spaces for the two source mechanisms across all five talkers; the smaller panels at right depict the vowel spaces for each talker individually. Note the consistent displacement of F1 from Electrolarynx speech across talkers, as well as the within-talker similarities in vowel-space shape between source mechanisms.