Fig. 3.

—Earnings gap between the native- and foreign-born in the panel sample: natives versus immigrants upon first arrival (0–5 years in the United States) and after time in the United States (30+ years in the United States), by country of origin. The graph reports co-efficients on the interaction between country-of-origin fixed effects and dummy variables for being in the United States for 0–5 years or for 30+ years from regression of equation (1) in the panel sample. All coefficients for the 0–5 year interaction are significant except those for Austria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Sweden. None of the differences between the 0–5 year and 30+ year coefficients are significant except for those of Finland and Ireland.