Fig. 6.

—Convergence in occupation-based earnings across immigrant generations: first-generation and second-generation migrants versus natives, by country of origin. We estimate the regression in equation (2) separately for each group and for each country: immigrants (first generation), US natives in the same censuses and ages as the immigrants, sons of immigrants (second generation), and US natives in the same censuses and ages as the second-generation sample. The bars for the first generation represent the difference in the predicted occupation-based earnings of an immigrant who came in 1890 and is 35 years old in 1910 relative to a 35-year-old native. The bars for the second generation represent the difference in the predicted occupation-based earnings of a man born in the United States to immigrant parents relative to a man born in the United States to native parents, both of whom were 35 years old in 1930. First-generation immigrants are taken from the panel sample. Natives and second-generation immigrants come from IPUMS data in the respective census year.