Survival of mice inoculated with PR8/PB2–pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) virus and then infected with WU2 strain. Mice (n = 16) were mock-inoculated with medium, PR8/PB2–green fluorescent protein (GFP) (1.0 × 106 plaque-forming units [PFUs]), PR8/PB2-PspA (1.0 × 106 PFUs) or A/New Caledonia/20/99 (NC) (1.0 × 103 PFUs) virus. Five days after inoculation, the mice were intranasally challenged with WU2 strain (6.0 × 103 colony-forming units [CFUs]). A, Survival was monitored in 10 mice for 10 days after bacterial challenge. B, Lung tissues were collected 5 days after the bacterial challenge and subjected to bacterial titration on sheep blood agar. Values represent the mean (standard deviation) log10 CFUs per lung for 6 mice per group. Because 5 of the 6 mice inoculated with NC virus died after the challenge with WU2 strain, the lung bacterial density of the sole surviving mouse is shown.