Table 1.

Body mass, urine excretion, and relevant biochemical parameters in blood plasma and urine of control and ethylene glycol (EG)-treated female and male rats (means ± standard deviation)

	Females		Males
Parameter	control (n = 10-12)	EG-treated (n = 10-12)	control (n = 12)	EG-treated (n = 12)
Body mass (g)	196 ± 17.3	198 ± 10.4	340 ± 20.8†	351 ± 24.2
Parameters in blood plasma
Citrate (ultrafiltrate) (µmol/L)	153 ± 48.5	143 ± 31.2	136 ± 38.1	77 ± 38.1‡
Oxalate (ultrafiltrate) (µmol/L)	11.6 ± 4.9	18.8 ± 2.9†	12.9 ± 4.1	59.7 ± 27.2‡
Creatinine (mmol/L)	29 ± 14.5	33 ± 14.9	38 ± 6.6	43 ± 9.4
Urea (μmol/L)	7.7 ± 2.94	6.4 ± 1.21	6.1 ± 0.48	6.6 ± 0.94
Parameters in urine
Volume (mL/24 h)	17.3 ± 9.6	24.0 ± 9.5	31.2 ± 12.9§	30.6 ± 7.9
Flow (mL/24 h kg b. m.*)	99 ± 55.4	121 ± 48.5	92 ± 34.6	95 ± 31.2
Protein (mg/24 h kg b.m.)	21 ± 8.6	18 ± 7.5	35 ± 16.1§	30 ± 21.2
Calcium
μmol/L	3.7 ± 1.59	2.5 ± 1.87	1.1 ± 0.97†	0.09 ± 0.03ǁ
nmol/24 h kg b.m.	283 ± 113.6	258 ± 186.7	79 ± 54.7†	9.3 ± 7.59‡
Citrate
mmol/L	5.5 ± 2.67	4.4 ± 3.12	3.6 ± 3.74	2.2 ± 0.97
μmol/24 h kg b.m.	409 ± 197.4	435 ± 325.6	229 ± 100.5¶	200 ± 114.3
Creatinine
mmol/L	5.3 ± 2.91	3.7 ± 1.45	4.4 ± 3.43	3.8 ± 1.32
μmol/24 h kg b.m.	360 ± 69.3	371 ± 58.9	302 ± 83.1	334 ± 90.1
Oxalate
µmol/L	161 ± 90.1	161 ± 83.1	241 ± 204.4	3716 ± 1826‡
µmol/24 h kg b.m.	12.5 ± 6.1	20.8 ± 20.0	17.0 ± 7.1	322 ± 135.1‡
mmol/mol creatinine	34 ± 13.2	55 ± 54.0	61 ± 28.1§	994 ± 391.4‡
Magnesium
mmol/L	8.4 ± 3.45	7.1 ± 2.21	2.7 ± 2.12†	5.0 ± 3.07
mmol/24 h kg b.m.	0.71 ± 0.16	0.78 ± 0.16	0.24 ± 0.15†	0.46 ± 0.22**
Phosphate
mmol/L	26 ± 12.8	22 ± 6.3	14 ± 6.9¶	16 ± 7.7
mmol/24 h kg b.m.	2.2 ± 0.41	2.4 ± 0.57	1.1 ± 0.41†	1.4 ± 0.38

*Body mass (b.m.).

†P < 0.001 vs control females.

‡P < 0.001 vs control males.

§P = 0.007 vs control females.

ǁP = 0.002 vs control males.

¶P = 0.011-0.016) vs control females.

**P = 0.018 vs control males. Other comparisons were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).