Table 2.
Characteristics of neuropsychiatric syndromes in SLE patients as indicated by the number of NP events and their attribution using attribution models
| NP events (%) regardless of attribution | NP events due to SLE (Model A) | NP events due to SLE (Model B) | NP events due to non-SLE causes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | 171 (42.0) | 0 | 0 | 171 |
| Mood disorders | 67 (16.5) | 3 | 22 | 45 |
| Anxiety disorder | 26 (6.4) | 0 | 0 | 26 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 23 (5.7) | 8 | 22 | 1 |
| Cognitive dysfunction | 26 (6.4) | 5 | 16 | 10 |
| Seizure disorder | 30 (7.4) | 16 | 26 | 4 |
| Acute confusional state | 16 (3.9) | 8 | 13 | 3 |
| Polyneuropathy | 10 (2.5) | 3 | 6 | 4 |
| Psychosis | 9 (2.2) | 3 | 8 | 1 |
| Mononeuropathy | 10 (2.5) | 7 | 10 | 0 |
| Cranial neuropathy | 7 (1.7) | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Aseptic meningitis | 3 (0.7) | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Myelopathy | 5 (1.2) | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| Movement disorder | 3 (0.7) | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Autonomic disorder | 1 (0.3) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Guillain-Barre syndrome | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Demyelinating syndrome | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Plexopathy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 407 | 67 | 138 | 269 |
*
The attribution of NP events to SLE was determined by two sets of decision rules of different stringency. NP events which fulfilled the criteria for Model A (the most stringent) or for Model B (the least stringent) were attributed to SLE. Those events which did not fulfill these criteria were attributed to non-SLE causes:
- Attribution Model A: NP events which had their onset within the enrollment window and had no “exclusions” or “associations” and were not one of the NP events identified by Ainiala [1] were attributed to SLE.
- Attribution Model B: NP events which had their onset within 10 years of the diagnosis of SLE and had no “exclusions” and were not one of the NP events identified by Ainiala [1] were attributed to SLE.