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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Jul 14;39(8):1292–1311. doi: 10.1111/acer.12785

Table 1.

Genes that Influence Alcohol-Related Behavior in Flies

Gene (aka) Function Genetic manipulation Behavioral assay Measure Effect Citation
AcCoAS Acetyl CoA synthesis LOF mutant Booz-o-mat ACT Decrease Kong et al. (2010a)
Adh Alcohol dehydrogenase LOF mutants Booz-o-mat % Sed Increase Wolf et al. (2002)
LOF mutants Unnamed Locomotor activity Decrease Grell et al. (1968)
LOF mutant Inebriometer MET, Rap Tol (MET) Decrease Cavener (1979)
LOF mutant Larval preference Larvae on alcohol agar Decrease Ogueta et al. (2010)
Akt1 (Akt) Serine/threonine kinase LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Increase Eddison et al. (2011)
RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase
Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Decrease
Alk Receptor tyrosine kinase LOF mutants Booz-o-mat Time to Sed Increase Lasek et al. (2011b)
amn PACAP-like neuropeptide LOF mutants Inebriometer MET Decrease Moore et al. (1998)
LOF mutants Booz-o-mat ACT, % Sed Increase Wolf et al. (2002)
LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Peru Y Colon de Portugal et al. (2012)
apt Myb/SANT-containing transcription factor LOF mutants Sedation Time to Sed Increase McClure and Heberlein (2013)
RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase
Arf51F (Arf6) Small G protein LOF mutants Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Peru Y Colón de Portugal et al. (2012)
Arfip Dynactin binding LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Peru Y Colón de Portugal et al. (2012)
aru Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate LOF mutants Inebriometer MET, Time to Sed Decrease Eddison et al. (2011)
LOF mutants Sedation MET, Time to Sed Decrease
RNAi Inebriometer MET, Time to Sed Decrease
RNAi Sedation MET, Time to Sed Decrease
Bacc Ribosomal RNA-binding domain protein LOF mutants Sedation Time to Sed Increase Chen et al. (2013)
RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase
bsk Serine–threonine kinase LOF mutant Booz-o-mat ACT Increase Kapfhamer et al. (2012)
Bx (dLmo) Zinc-finger protein, LIM-type LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Lasek et al. (2011a)
GOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Increase
CASK Molecular scaffold LOF mutants Inebriometer Rap Tol (MET) Decrease Maiya et al. (2012)
Cdc42 Small G protein GOF transgenic Sedation % Sed Increase Rothenfluh et al. (2006)
chico Insulin receptor substrate LOF mutant Inebriometer MET Decrease Corl et al. (2005)
Clic Numerous proposed LOF mutants eRING Time to Sed Increase Bhandari et al. (2012)
LOF mutants Sedation Time to Sed Increase Chan et al. (2014)
RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase
Crz Neuropeptide RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase McClure and Heberlein (2013)
LOF mutant Sedation recovery Time to Rec Increase Sha et al. (2014)
CrzR Corazonin receptor RNAi Sedation recovery Time to Rec Increase Sha et al. (2014)
cyc Transcription factor LOF mutant Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Decrease Pohl et al. (2013)
Cyp1 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity RNAi Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
dally Glypican LOF mutant Video ACT Decrease Joslyn et al. (2011)
LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease
DAT Dopamine transporter LOF mutant Video ACT Decrease Kong et al. (2010b)
Overexpression Video ACT Increase
dlg1 Membrane-associated guanylate kinase LOF mutants Inebriometer Rap Tol, Chron Tol (MET) Decrease Maiya et al. (2012)
dlp Glypican LOF mutant Video ACT Decrease Joslyn et al. (2011)
LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease
LOF mutant Sedation Rap Tol Increase
Dop1R1 Dopamine receptor LOF mutant Video ACT Decrease Bainton et al. (2000)
LOF mutant Video ACT Decrease Kong et al. (2010b)
Egfr Epidermal growth factor receptor Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Increase Corl et al. (2009)
RNAi, inhibitor Sedation Time to Sed Decrease
elm P22 calcineurin B LOF mutant Inebriometer MET Decrease LaFerriere et al. (2008)
Fas2 Ig-domain adhesion molecule LOF mutants Inebriometer MET Decrease Cheng et al. (2001)
Fng UDP-glycosyltransferase RNAi Inebriometer Rap Tol (MET) Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
FOXO Transcription factor Overexpression Inebriometer MET Decrease Corl et al. (2005)
Fs Negative regulator of activin receptor signaling GOF mutant Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
GABA-B-R1 Metabotropic GABA receptor RNAi Sedation recovery Sed Rec Time Decrease Dzitoyeva et al. (2003)
Antagonist Sedation recovery Sed Rec Time Decrease
Agonist Sedation recovery Rap Tol (Sed Rec Time) Decrease
H15 T-box transcription factor RNAi Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
hang Zinc-finger protein LOF mutant Inebriometer Rap Tol (MET) Decrease Scholz et al. (2005)
LOF mutant eRING Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Decrease Bhandari et al. (2009)
homer Postsynaptic scaffolding LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Urizar et al. (2007)
LOF mutant Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Decrease
hppy Ste20 kinase LOF mutants Video, Sedation Time to Sed Increase Corl et al. (2009)
LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Increase Eddison et al. (2011)
Hsp26 Heat shock protein Transposons Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Decrease Awofala et al. (2011)
RNAi Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Decrease
Overexpression Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Increase
htl FGF receptor LOF mutant Video ACT Decrease King et al. (2014)
iav Cation channel LOF mutant Inebriometer MET Decrease Scholz (2005)
InR Insulin receptor LOF mutants Inebriometer MET Decrease Corl et al. (2005)
Jwa Microtubule-binding protein Antisense RNA Inebriometer Rap Tol (MET) Decrease Li et al. (2008)
Overexpression Sedation recovery Rap Tol (Sed Rec Time) Increase
KCNQ Voltage-dependent potassium channel LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Cavaliere et al. (2012)
RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Decrease
Overexpression Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Increase
Men Malate metabolism LOF mutant Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2009)
RNAi Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
Mlc-c Myosin light chain RNAi Inebriometer MET Decrease Morozova et al. (2011)
moody G protein-coupled receptor LOF mutant Inebriometer MET Increase Bainton et al. (2005)
mys Integrin beta subunit LOF mutants eRING Time to Sed Decrease Bhandari et al. (2009)
LOF mutants eRING Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Increase
NmdaR1 NMDA receptor LOF mutant Inebriometer Rap Tol, Chron Tol (MET) Decrease Kaun et al. (2011)
NPF Neuropeptide F Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Wen et al. (2005)
NPFR Neuropeptide F receptor RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase Wen et al. (2005)
RNAi CAFÉ Alcohol Preference Increase Shohat-Ophir et al. (2012)
Orco Odorant receptor co-receptor LOF mutant Booz-o-mat ACT Increase Kong et al. (2010a)
LOF mutants Alcohol trap Alcohol Odor Preference Decrease Schneider et al. (2012)
Osi9 Unknown GOF mutant Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
par-1 Serine–threonine kinase LOF mutant Video ACT Suppresses tao LOF King et al. (2011)
Pdk1 PIP3-dependent serine/threonine kinase Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Eddison et al. (2011)
per CYC/CLK stability LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed No circadian effect van der Linde and Lyons (2011)
LOF mutant Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Decrease
Pi3K21B (p60) PI3K inhibitory subunit Overexpression Inebriometer MET Decrease Corl et al. (2005)
Pi3K92E (p110) PI3K catalytic subunit Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Eddison et al. (2011)
Dominant negative Sedation Time to Sed Increase
Pka-C1 (DCO) PKA-catalytic subunit 1 LOF mutants Inebriometer MET Decrease Moore et al. (1998)
LOF mutants Inebriometer MET Decrease Rodan et al. (2002)
Pka-R2 Protein kinase A regulatory subunit LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Increase Park et al. (2000)
Pkc98E Protein kinase C calcium independent RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase Chen et al. (2008)
RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase Chen et al. (2010)
psq Helix-loop-helix protein LOF mutant Inebriometer MET Decrease Morozova et al. (2009)
LOF mutant Inebriometer MET Decrease Morozova et al. (2011)
Pten Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate phosphatase Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Increase Eddison et al. (2011)
puc Tyrosine phosphatase LOF mutant Booz-o-mat ACT Decrease Kapfhamer et al. (2012)
Rac1 Small GTPase GOF transgenic Sedation % Sed Decrease Rothenfluh et al. (2006)
Rheb Small GTPase Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Eddison et al. (2011)
rho Ligand-activated peptidase LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Corl et al. (2009)
Rho1 Small GTPase GOF transgenic Sedation % Sed Decrease Rothenfluh et al. (2006)
RhoGAP18B Rho Gap LOF mutants Video ACT Increase Rothenfluh et al. (2006)
Sedation % Sed Decrease
rl ERK kinase Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Increase Corl et al. (2009)
rut Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase LOF mutants Inebriometer MET Decrease Moore et al. (1998)
LOF mutants Booz-o-mat ACT, % Sed Increase Wolf et al. (2002)
LOF mutant CAFÉ Alcohol Preference Decrease Xu et al. (2012)
S Chaperone LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Corl et al. (2009)
sca Fibrinogen LOF mutants Conditioned preference Alcohol preference Decrease Kaun et al. (2011)
SCAP Unknown GOF mutant Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
scb Integrin alpha subunit LOF mutants eRING Time to Sed Decrease Bhandari et al. (2009)
LOF mutants eRING Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Increase
sgl UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase LOF mutant Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
shi Dynamin LOF mutants Sedation recovery Rap Tol (Sed Rec Time) Decrease Krishnan et al. (2012)
Sip1 Unknown GOF mutant Inebriometer MET Decrease Morozova et al. (2011)
Sir2 Histone deacetylase LOF mutant Booz-o-mat ACT Decrease Kong et al. (2010a)
LOF mutant Booz-o-mat % Sed Decrease
LOF mutant Booz-o-mat Rap Tol (% Sed) Decrease
slo Calcium-activated potassium channel LOF mutants Sedation recovery Rap Tol (Sed Rec Time) Decrease Cowmeadow et al. (2005)
Overexpression Sedation Recovery Rap Tol (Sed Rec Time) Induced Rap Tol Cowmeadow et al. (2006)
LOF mutant Seizure induction Seizure Threshold (V) Decrease Ghezzi et al. (2012)
spi Epidermal growth factor receptor ligand Overexpression Sedation Time to Sed Increase Corl et al. (2009)
Spn27A Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor LOF mutant Booz-o-mat ACT Decrease Kong et al. (2010a)
Syn Synapsin LOF mutant Inebriometer Rap Tol (MET) Increase Godenschwege et al. (2004)
Syx1A Syntaxin LOF mutant Sedation recovery Rap Tol (Sed Rec Time) Decrease Krishnan et al. (2012)
Tao Serine–threonine kinase LOF mutant Booz-o-mat ACT Decrease King et al. (2011)
tay AUTS2 ortholog LOF mutant Sedation Time to Sed Increase Schumann et al. (2011)
RNAi Sedation Time to Sed Increase
Tbh Tyramine hydroxylase LOF mutant Inebriometer Rap Tol (MET) Decrease Scholz et al. (2000)
LOF mutant Inebriometer Rap Tol (MET) Decrease Berger et al. (2004)
LOF mutant Inebriometer Rap Tol (MET) Decrease Scholz et al. (2005)
LOF mutant Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Decrease Awofala et al. (2011)
LOF mutants Alcohol trap Odor Preference Decrease Schneider et al. (2012)
tim CYC/CLK stability LOF mutant Sedation Rap Tol (Time to Sed) Decrease Pohl et al. (2013)
tra Female-specific mRNA splicing protein Overexpression (♂) Sedation Time to Sed Decrease Devineni and Heberlein (2012)
RNAi (♀) Sedation Time to Sed Increase
Tre1 G protein-coupled receptor GOF mutant Inebriometer MET Increase Morozova et al. (2011)
unc-13 Calmodulin binding; diacylglycerol binding LOF mutant CAFÉ Alcohol Preference Increase Das et al. (2013)
tank EI24/PIG8 ortholog LOF mutant, RNAi Booz-o-mat Time to Sed Increase Devineni et al. (2013)
w ABC transporter LOF mutant eRING Time to Sed Decrease Chan et al. (2014)
RNAi eRING Time to Sed Decrease Chan et al. (2014)
LOF mutant Fly Bar Time to LORR Increase van der Linde et al. (2014)

Columns are the gene name abbreviations, a brief functional description of the gene product, the type of genetic manipulation that was used (LOF, loss of function; RNAi, RNA interference, or overexpression), the name of the assay used to assess alcohol-related behavior, the behavioral end point that was measured in the assay (ACT, alcohol-stimulated locomotor activity or locomotor activity in the presence of alcohol; % Sed, % of flies sedated after a defined exposure to alcohol; MET, mean elution time; Rap Tol and Chron Tol, rapid tolerance and chronic tolerance, respectively, to the behavioral measure indicated in parentheses; Time to Sed, duration of alcohol exposure required to sedate flies to a defined level; Sed Rec Time, time required for flies to recover from sedation; Alcohol Preference, alcohol drinking preference; Time to LORR, alcohol exposure time required for flies to lose a defined amount of their ability to right themselves; Seizure Threshold (V), voltage of electric shock required to produce seizures in a defined fraction of subjects; Alcohol Odor Preference, fraction of flies captured in a trap with alcohol odor vapor), the effect of the genetic manipulation on the behavioral measure, and the citations for the relevant publications.

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