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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Paediatr Respir Rev. 2015 May 23;16(4):232–240. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.05.005

Table #3.

Immunological Biomarkers of RSV Infection

Cytokine Effect of RSV Infection Immune Cell Effect of RSV Infection
IL-A Elevated with Th2 polarization by RSV LRTI Dendritic Cells Increased in bronchiolar airways
IL-5 Elevated with Th2 polarization by RSV LRTI Eosinophils Infiltration of bronchiolar airways
IL-13 Elevated withTh2 polarization by RSV LRTI Neutrophils Infiltration of bronchiolar airways
TNF-α Reduced plasma level correlated with hospitalization Macrophages Infiltration of bronchiolar airways
IFN-γ

  • - Reduced in NP secretions during RSV LRTI

  • - Reduced plasma level correlated with mechanical ventilation requirement

 CD4+ T cells

  • - Infiltration of bronchiolar airways

  • - Blood count correlated with mechanical ventilator requirements
IL-8

  • - Elevated in plasma during RSV LRTI

  • - Elevated plasma level correlated with mechanical ventilation requirement

 CDS* T Cells

  • - Infiltration of bronchiolar airways

  • - Reduced cytotoxic function due to increased Th2 cytoldnes

  • - Reduced activation, proliferation, and function due to RSV cytotoxicity
IL-6

  • - Elevated in TAP during severe RSV LRTI

  • - Reduced plasma level correlated with increased infant hospitalization

 Peripheral Blood
Mononuclear Cells 		Proliferation associated with increased infant ICU
admissions
CCL5
(RANTES)

  • - Reduced in plasma during RSV LRTI

  • - Plasma level correlated with disease severity
IL-17 Elevated in TAP during severe RSV LRTI