Fig. 7.

Immunomodulatory activity of CTLEW. a Effects of CTLEW on mouse spleen lymphocytes proliferation. Cells were pretreated with (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg/ml) or without (control) CTLEW for 48 h. Con A (10 μg/ml) was used as a positive control. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. b Effects of CTLEW on IL-2 cytokine production in mouse spleen lymphocytes. Cells were cultured for 24 h in the media with (0.5 mg/ml) or without (control) CTLEW. ConA (10 μg/ml) was used as a positive control. The amounts of IL-2 released into the culture media were measured by immunoassays. c Effect of CTLEW on phagocytosis of macrophages by neutral red uptake assay. After treated with (0.5 mg/ml) or without (control) CTLEW for 48 h, macrophage phagocytosis was determined by Neutral red uptake assay. LPS (1 μg/ml) was used as a positive control. (D), Effect of CTLEW on the NO production of macrophages. Cells were pretreated with (0.5 mg/ml) or without (control) CTLEW for 24 h. LPS (1 μg/ml) was used as a positive control. The supernatant nitrite levels were determined using Griess reagent. Results were expressed as means ± S.D. of four separate experiments. Statistical significance test for comparison with untreated group was done by Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001