Fig. 1.

Effects of FLP ointment on tumor growth in Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft mice. 5 × 10⁵ LL/2-luc-M38 cells were implanted subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mouse. a Dynamic change of tumor growth measured by vivo bioluminescent signal; b The magnitude of tumor growth in vivo bioluminescent signal (p/s/cm²/s) at day 0, day 7, and day 14. c The magnitude of tumor growth in vivo bioluminescent signal (p/s/cm²/s) at day 21 and day 28. d Tumor weight of the sacrificed mice at day 14, day 21, and day 28. e Tumor inhibition rate was calculated by (1 − average weight of tumors in treatment group/average weight of tumors in control group) × 100 %. Values were expressed as mean ± SD. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. FLP Fei-Liu-Ping ointment group, C celecoxib group, FLP + C Fei-Liu-Ping ointment plus celecoxib group. FLP ointment inhibited the tumor growth, while in combination with celecoxib exerted more significant anti-tumor growth effect at day 21 and day 28, and these findings were consistent with in vivo imaging results