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. 2015 Sep 15;6(6):631–639. doi: 10.1007/s13244-015-0431-z

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© The Author(s) 2015

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Illustration of findings of infrarenal IVC agenesis with collateral pathways including superficial (epigastric vein, internal mammarian veins, thoracoabdominal veins, lateral thoracic vein and axillary vein), portal (inferior haemorrhoidal vein (IHV), paraumbilical veins (PUV), inferior mesenteric vein (IMV)), deep (ascending lumbar vein, continuous azygos vein (CA), continuous hemiazygos vein (CHA)), and median collateral pathways (gonadal vein). (RA: right atrium; A: aorta; SVC: superior vena cava; RRV and LRV: right and left renal veins, respectively; D: diaphragm)