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. 2015 Sep 15;6(6):631–639. doi: 10.1007/s13244-015-0431-z

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© The Author(s) 2015

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 7 — Illustration of findings of left IVC (LIVC) with continuous azygos (CA) and hemiazygos (CHA) veins. Note drainage of a dilated gonadal vein (GV) to the right renal vein (median collateral pathway). Ascending lumbar veins (deep pathway) are draining into CA and CHA. (RA: right atrium; A: aorta; SVC: superior vena cava; RRV and LRV: right and left renal veins, respectively; CIV: common iliac veins; D: diaphragm)